Ozone as integrative and complementary support for pharmacological therapy.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7203/jo3t.4.5.2020.20770Paraules clau:
Oxidative Therapies, Ozone, Nrf2, Aging, Systems Medicine.Resum
Ozone is not nowadays used in a single medical branch, due to its immune and metabolic effects. This molecule is considered as a pro-drug which can induce at certain non-toxic doses a rearrangement of the biochemical pathways with the activation of a second messenger in a cascade with a multiple system action. Nonetheless, its difference from a drug consists in the fact that its action can’t be explained as a simple interaction between a molecule and a receptor, thus, it can’t be considered according to the classical pharmacological schemes and new concepts must be defined. Furthermore, ozone is able to activate Nfr2 protein. Our study reflects how the levels of Nrf2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were found to increase immediately after ozone exposure and when measured 30 minutes following reinfusion demonstrating that the oxidative stress was able to activate all the blood components. After a series of 3 systemic indirect endovenous applications, Nrf2 returned back to the basal level. At the end of the experiment the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased. This metabolic pathway is common to all cell lines. In light of the above, ozone could be very helpful as integrative and complementary support for pharmacological therapy modulating the oxidative stress component in many illnesses, elderly and rare diseases, according to not only a legal regulation but also a proper education and training of physicians.Descàrregues
Referències
Bocci V. Is it true that ozone is always toxic? The end of a dogma. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Nov;216(3):493-504.
Jacobs MT Untersusuchung uber zwischenfalle und typische komplikationen in der Ozone Sauerstoff therapie. Ozonachrichten. 1982;5:1-5.
Andreula CF, Simonetti L, De Santis F, Agati R, Ricci R, Leonardi M. Minimally invasive oxygen-ozone therapy for lumbar disk herniation. AJNR. 2003 May;24(5):996-1000.
Paoloni M, Di Sante L, Cacchio A, Apuzzo D, Marotta S, Razzano M, Franzini M, Santilli V. Intramuscular oxygen-ozone therapy in the treatment of acute back pain with lumbar disc herniation: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial of active and simulated lumbar paravertebral injection. Spine. 2009;34(13):1337-1344.
Dahnhardt JE, Gygax M, Martignoni B, Suter P, Lussi A. Treating sensitive cervical areas with ozone. A prospective controlled clinical trial. Am J Dent. 2008;21(2):74-6.
Re L, Martínez-Sánchez G, Malcangi G, Mercanti A, Labate V. Ozone Therapy: A Clinical Study on the Pain Management. Int J Ozone Therap. 2008;7(1):37-44.
Chang JD, Lu HS, Chang YF, Wang D. Ameliorative effect of ozone on cytokine production in mice injected with human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast cells. Rheumatol Int. 2005 Dec;26(2):142-51.
Zamora ZB, Borrego A, Lopez OY, Delgado R, González R, Menéndez S, Hernández F, Schulz S. Effects of ozone oxidative preconditioning on TNF-alpha release and antioxidant-prooxidant intracellular balance in mice during endotoxic shock. Mediators Inflamm. 2005 Feb 24;2005(1);24:16-22.
Fuccio C, Luongo C, Capodanno P, Giordano C, Scafuro MA, Siniscalco D, Lettieri B, Rossi F, Maione S, Berrino L. A single subcutaneous injection of ozone prevents allodynia and decreases the over-expression of pro-inflammatory caspases in the orbito-frontal cortex of neuropathic mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009;603:42-49.
Ajamieh HH, Menendez S, Martinez-Sanchez G, Candelario JE, Re L, Giuliani A, Leon Fernandez OS. Effects of ozone oxidative preconditioning on nitric oxide generation and cellular redox balance in a rat model of hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion. Liver Int. 2004;24(1):55-62.
Martinez-Sanchez G, Al-Dalain SM, Menendez S, Re L, Giuliani A, Candelario-Jalil E, Álvarez H, Fernández-Montequín JI, León OS. Therapeutic efficacy of ozone in patients with diabetic foot. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005 Oct;523(1-3):151-161.
Bocci V, Borrelli E, Travagli V, Zanardi I. The ozone paradox: ozone is a strong oxidant as well as a medical drug. Med Res Rev. 2009 Jul;29(4):646-682.
Wentworth P Jr, McDunn JE, Wentworth AD, Takeuchi C, Nieva J, Jones T, Bautista C, Ruedi JM, Gutierrez A, Janda KD, Babior BM, Eschenmoser A, Lerner RA. Evidence for antibody-catalyzed ozone formation in bacterial killing and inflammation. Science. 2002;298:2195-2199.
Burke JG, Watson RW, McCormack D, Dowling FE, Walsh MG, Fitzpatrick JM. Intervertebral discs which cause low back pain secrete high levels of proinflammatory mediators. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002 Mar;84(2):196-201.
Miyamoto H, Saura S, T TH. The role of cyclooxygenase-2 and inflammatory cytokines in pain induction of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. Kobe J Med Sci. 2000 Apr;46(1-2):13-28.
Re L, La terapia con ossigeno-ozono o ozormesi: recenti acquisizioni scientifiche. Medici & Medici. 2008;16:18-20.
Watson J. Type 2 diabetes as a redox disease. Lancet. 2014;383(9919):841-843. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62365-X.
Mason HS, North JC, Vanneste M. Microsomal mixed-function oxidations: the metabolism of xenobioticsFed Proc. 1965 Sep-Oct;24(5):1172-1180.
Simmons SO, Chun-Yang Fan, and Ramabhadran R. Cellular stress response pathway system as a sentinel ensemble in toxicological screening. Toxicol Sci. 2009 Oct;111(2):202-225.
Pecorelli A, Bocci V, Acquaviva A, Belmonte G, Gardi C, Virgili F, Ciccoli L, Valacchi G. NRF2 activation is involved in ozonated human serum upregulation of HO-1 in endothelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Feb;267(1): 30-40.
Re L, Martínez-Sánchez G, Bordicchia M, Malcangi G, Pocognoli A, Morales-Segura MA, Rothchild J, Rojas A. Is ozone pre-conditioning effect linked to Nrf2/EpRE activation pathway in vivo? A preliminary result. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Nov 5;742:158-162.
Laroche ML, Charmes JP, Nouaille Y, Picard N, Merle L. Is inappropriate medication use a major cause of adverse drug reactions in the elderly? Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Feb;63(2):177–186.
Re L, Malcangi G, Martinez-Sanchez G. Medical ozone is now ready for a scientific challenge: current status and future perspectives. J Exp Integr Med. 2012;2(3):193-196.
Descàrregues
Publicades
Com citar
-
Resum629
-
PDF 370
Número
Secció
Llicència
Journal of Ozone Therapy applies the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC 4.0) license to works we publish.
Under this license, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their content, but allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute and/or copy the content as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.
You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
Appropriate attribution can be provided by simply citing the original article, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.